Declarative Long-Term Memory & Non-declarative Long-Term Memory
But we
also have many stable memories that we can put into words—memories having to do
with our names, our addresses, the meanings of words, the colors of our cars,
and so on. These memories make up what is termed declarative memory (also
called explicit memory).
Declarative Memory:
It is explicit, conscious long-term memory in
contrast with implicit (non-declarative memory). Declarative memory can be
either semantic or episodic. It is also termed as explicit memory.
Non-declarative Memory:
It refers to unconscious, non-verbalizable
effects of experience such as might be manifested in acquired motor skills or
classical conditioning. It is also termed as implicit or procedural memory.
|
Difference between Implicit Memory and Explicit Memory:
The principle
difference between declarative and non-declarative memory is that declarative
memory is conscious memory for facts and events; whereas non-declarative memory
is unconscious memory.
The
discovery that these are two distinct types of memory is one of the important
recent achievements of the cognitive sciences, says Eichenbaum (1997).
"Semantic Memory" versus "Episodic Memory":
Declarative
memory consists of at least two distinct types of memories. Abstract general
knowledge about the world, such as what children learn in school, for example,
makes up what is called semantic memory.
Each of
us also has a large store of very personal recollections about the things we
have done and thought, the experiences we have had, and so on. This autobiographical
knowledge consists of all of the episodes of our lives and defines what is
meant by episodic memory.
Semantic Memory:
It is a type of declarative (conscious,
long-term) memory consisting of stable knowledge about the world, principles,
rules, and procedures and other verbalizable effects of knowledge, including
language.
Episodic Memory:
It is a type of declarative, autobiographical
(conscious, long-term) memory consisting of knowledge about personal
experiences, tied to specific times and places.
|
To
summarize, there are two different kinds of long-term memories: those that are
implicit, unconscious, and not easily verbalized (non-declarative) and those
that are explicit, conscious, and can be put into words (declarative). Declarative
memories might be abstract and general (semantic) or more personal and
autobiographical (episodic).
0 comments:
Post a Comment